English | 简体中文

FoloToy AI Passport

Current firmware: Xiao Liu Ren — an offline Chinese divination companion for the FoloToy AI Passport (ESP32-C3, 240 × 320 display, three physical buttons, and microphone).

Xiao Liu Ren application

• Hold OK while silently forming a question; release it, then enter three intuitive digits.
• Use UP / DOWN to select 1–9. Holding a key scrolls immediately and accelerates.
• The result contains four Chinese reading pages navigated with UP / DOWN.
• Fully offline: microphone use is limited to local level detection; no audio is retained or uploaded.
• The UI uses WenYuan Serif, a full-screen xuan-paper texture, and restrained ink-print titles.

Build with ESP-IDF 5.5.3:

. /path/to/esp-idf-v5.5.3/export.sh
idf.py build
idf.py -p /dev/cu.usbmodem flash

Flash a ready-made .bin

To avoid setting up a development environment, download xiaoliuren-v0.1.0.bin from GitHub Releases. It is a complete image containing the bootloader, partition table, and application, and is only for the FoloToy AI Passport (ESP32-C3).

After installing esptool, connect the device and run:

esptool --chip esp32c3 --port <device-port> --baud 460800 write_flash 0x0 xiaoliuren-v0.1.0.bin

On macOS, the port commonly resembles /dev/cu.usbmodem101. Do not flash this image to an unknown device model.

Agents installing the firmware should follow the Agent Xiao Liu Ren installation guide.

See THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES.md for font and asset attributions. The hardware development baseline follows below.

Reference and thanks

The Xiao Liu Ren content, interaction direction, and casting experience were informed by the Xiao Liu Ren web project. Thank you to the original project for its inspiration and reference.

FoloToy AI Passport is open wearable AI hardware designed for AI agents. This repository is the development baseline for the device. It goes beyond showing “what the board can run” by keeping the hardware facts, stable interfaces, resource boundaries, reference implementations, and validation methods that an agent needs to build applications in one place.

The repository is organized around the following principles:

• main is the smallest complete runnable baseline and an executable description of the current hardware capabilities.
• components/bsp isolates board-level details and exposes stable APIs to applications.
• demo/* branches show different paths from a product requirement to a working implementation.
• AGENTS.md defines how an agent should work in the repository, while docs/AI_HARDWARE_DEVELOPMENT_GUIDE.md contains the complete hardware context and troubleshooting knowledge.
• Build results and physical-device results are reported separately. A successful build must never be presented as successful hardware validation.

The intended workflow is simple: give an agent this repository and an application requirement. The agent identifies the available capabilities and constraints, selects relevant examples, implements and builds the application, and returns an acceptance checklist that can be executed on the physical device.

Entry point for AI agents

Before starting development, establish context in this order:

1. Read AGENTS.md, this README, and docs/AI_HARDWARE_DEVELOPMENT_GUIDE.md.
2. Run git status --short --branch and preserve all existing user changes.
3. Read the affected components/bsp/include/*.h headers and their implementations. Do not infer board behavior from common chip or development-board configurations.
4. Use git branch -r --list 'origin/demo/*' to find examples close to the requirement. Reuse only the relevant design patterns; do not merge an entire demo branch by default.
5. Break the requirement into inputs, outputs, state, concurrent tasks, persistence, memory budget, and failure degradation before deciding whether to change main or extend components/bsp.
6. Complete the minimum build check and all applicable logic tests. Keep explicit on-device acceptance items for every conclusion that depends on the display, buttons, audio, battery, or timing.

Source-of-truth priority

When information conflicts, use this priority order:

Schematic / PCB / board revision / physical measurement
    > components/bsp/include/bsp_pins.h
    > BSP public headers and implementations
    > docs/AI_HARDWARE_DEVELOPMENT_GUIDE.md
    > README and example applications

The repository does not currently include schematic or PCB source files. When the board revision, wiring, polarity, register behavior, or unused GPIOs are unknown, an agent must report the unknown and request evidence instead of filling the gap with parameters from another ESP32-C3 board.

Hardware capability contract

The table below describes the application capabilities implemented by the current main branch. It is not a list of everything that might be possible according to the chip datasheet.

All pins, addresses, panel parameters, and button voltage windows are defined only in components/bsp/include/bsp_pins.h. Application code must not duplicate these constants. See the AI Hardware Development Guide for the complete pin map, panel initialization, ADC thresholds, I2C addressing rules, audio clocks, and memory details.

Applications may also use ESP-IDF timers, FreeRTOS tasks, and internal Flash/NVS; the Pomodoro branch contains an NVS example. The ESP32-C3 supports 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE, but the current BSP does not wrap either radio and main does not initialize a wireless stack. demo/claude-buddy-port is a BLE application architecture reference, not a substitute for measuring the current board's antenna, RF performance, power consumption, and coexistence behavior. Every FoloToy AI Passport has 8 MB of Flash, and the default firmware configuration targets 8 MB.

Capabilities outside the current contract

The repository does not currently provide enough evidence to guarantee touch input, display readback, an IMU, external storage, charging control, USB insertion detection, controllable power-amplifier enable, deep-sleep wakeup, arbitrary “free GPIOs,” exact battery capacity, or production-grade power specifications. A capability being present in the ESP32-C3 silicon does not mean that it is connected, powered correctly, or validated on this board.

Requirements involving these capabilities must begin with a schematic, board revision, component documentation, or physical measurements. Only then should the BSP and its acceptance criteria be extended.

Start development with one requirement

A simple request can be given directly to an agent:

On the main branch, build an offline habit-tracking application for FoloToy AI Passport.
Use the three physical buttons and the 240×320 display, and preserve records across power loss.
Follow AGENTS.md and AI_HARDWARE_DEVELOPMENT_GUIDE.md. Inspect relevant demo branches first,
keep hardware logic in components/bsp and application logic in main, deliver a runnable
implementation with tests, and report the build result, unexecuted device checks, and exact
on-device acceptance steps separately.

The more specific the requirement, the more likely the agent is to implement it correctly in one pass. Useful details include:

• User flow: what each page displays and what short press, double press, and long press do for each button.
• State and data: whether the application needs timing, persistence across power loss, networking, recording, or communication with a computer.
• Experience goals: fonts, colors, animation, sound, response time, and error states.
• Constraints: whether the main menu may be replaced, dependencies added, Flash used, or default interactions changed.
• Acceptance criteria: which behaviors require automated tests and which must be observed on real hardware.

When details are omitted, an agent may choose conservative defaults that do not change the product direction, but it must list those assumptions in the delivery. Decisions involving new wiring, electrical safety, board revisions, or irreversible data formats require confirmation first.

Demo branches are design cases, not a feature pile

Each demo/* branch evolves the baseline into an independent application. The branches demonstrate how specific problems were solved. New applications should normally branch from main and consult relevant examples instead of merging multiple demos wholesale.

Inspect an example without switching the current working tree:

git branch -r --list 'origin/demo/*'
git diff main...origin/demo/tetris-game -- main components tests
git show origin/demo/tetris-game:main/demo_tetris.c

Start a new application:

git switch main
git switch -c feature/my-passport-app

Example branches may change the same menu, configuration, or driver in incompatible ways. An agent must understand the differences before extracting a state model, asset pipeline, or concurrency pattern. Code appearing in an example branch is not automatically part of the current main BSP contract.

Application and BSP boundary

Natural-language requirement
  └─ main/                         Pages, state machines, animation, app tasks, assets
      └─ components/bsp/include/  Stable board-level APIs
          └─ components/bsp/src/  GPIO, buses, devices, and driver details
              └─ bsp_pins.h       Single source of truth for pins and hardware parameters

To add a regular page, create main/demo_<feature>.c and implement the enter, exit, and key interface, then update:

• Declarations in main/demo.h.
• The source list in main/CMakeLists.txt.
• The DEMOS[] registration in main/main.c.
• Menu initialization status and failure degradation if a new optional peripheral is involved.

Only hardware capabilities shared by multiple applications belong in components/bsp. A BSP API must document blocking behavior, thread context, memory ownership, failure values, and initialization order. Pins and I2C addresses belong only in bsp_pins.h.

Runtime invariants

• LVGL is not thread-safe. Code outside the LVGL context must hold bsp_lvgl_lock() while accessing lv_* objects.
• Button callbacks only dispatch lightweight events. Recording, playback, storage, and other slow operations belong in worker tasks.
• When leaving a page, stop every task or timer that may access its UI before deleting the screen and clearing object pointers.
• The default global interaction is UP/DOWN navigation in the menu, short OK to enter, and long OK to return from a page. Any change must be explicit.
• New images, fonts, network stacks, audio buffers, LVGL buffers, and task stacks must be evaluated against internal RAM. Sufficient total free heap does not guarantee a sufficiently large contiguous block.
• Testable state machines, protocols, timing, and layout calculations should be separated from ESP-IDF/LVGL and covered by host-side logic tests.

Build and run baseline

The project uses ESP-IDF 5.5.x; the known development environment is 5.5.3:

get_idf553                    # Maintainer-local helper
# Or source "$HOME/esp/esp-idf-v5.5.3/export.sh" (example installation path)
idf.py set-target esp32c3     # Run for a fresh checkout or after using another target
idf.py build
idf.py flash monitor

The first build uses ESP-IDF Component Manager to fetch LVGL, esp_lvgl_port, button, esp_codec_dev, and other dependencies. Do not edit the generated managed_components/ directory. If configuration state is stale, use idf.py fullclean and configure again, but never use it to clean user source changes.

The current baseline includes a pure-logic test that can run independently:

cc -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Imain \
  tests/test_ui_pixel_math.c main/ui_pixel_math.c \
  -o /tmp/test_ui_pixel_math
/tmp/test_ui_pixel_math

Different example branches may provide their own host-test commands; follow the README on that branch.

Acceptance and delivery format

idf.py build is the minimum automated check, not hardware validation. For changes involving physical peripherals, record at least the following on a FoloToy AI Passport:

• USB Serial/JTAG produces stable startup logs with no reboot loop, assertion, or watchdog reset.
• Display orientation, colors, edges, refresh behavior, and backlight are correct.
• UP, DOWN, and OK produce the intended events, and long OK returns correctly.
• Audio sample rate, playback, non-zero recording, and page exit behavior are correct.
• Battery readings are plausible, and the application degrades safely when the CW2017 is absent.
• Repeated page transitions and concurrent operations do not continuously leak tasks, objects, or heap.

An agent's final delivery must distinguish these outcomes:

Build: PASS / FAIL / NOT RUN
Host tests: PASS / FAIL / NOT RUN
Device tests: PASS / FAIL / NOT RUN
Unverified: items that still require a board, instrument, or user confirmation

See the AI Hardware Development Guide for the acceptance matrix by change type—including pins, LCD, ADC, codec, I2C, and DMA—and the troubleshooting reference.

Project structure

components/bsp/include/  Public BSP APIs and bsp_pins.h hardware facts
components/bsp/src/      Display, button, audio, battery, and shared-I2C implementations
main/                    Minimal menu, LVGL UI, and independent hardware demo pages
tests/                   Lightweight logic tests that can run without hardware
docs/                    Agent hardware development guide and extension documentation
sdkconfig.defaults       ESP32-C3, USB console, Flash, and LVGL defaults
AGENTS.md                Coding, validation, and contribution rules for agents